The concept of joint forest management was initiated on a large scale through guidelines issued by the government of India in 1990. According to those guidelines the village communities are to be involved in the development and protection of degraded forests based on taking their genuine share of benefits from those forests.
Non-renewable resources coal and petroleum are energy sources that we use and consume faster than the rate of their production in nature.
Varieties of Biological Resources are in international demand today. To meet this international demand, illegal smuggling of these resources is done through illegal routes. Some species of plants and animals have been threatened, rare, endangered or critically endangered due to such practices. Several valuable species of plants and animals have become extinct due to these activities. The international trade in animal body parts is increasing rather rapidly due to their high prices in the international markets. Where possible, the trade of whole animals is also in full swing.
The conservation of the environment implies the sustainable use and management of natural resources, including wildlife, water, air, and earth soils.
It usually focuses on human needs and interests, which include the biological, economic, cultural, and recreational values of the natural environment.
An association of all the plants at a particular place is called a Plant Community and the association of all the animals at the same place is called an Animal Community. Both the plant and animal communities inhabit a particular place living completely merged and interacting among them. Members of a community not only interact with the members of other communities, they interact with the members of their community and with the physical environment around them, as well.
The predominant features that create structural complexity in the environment, such as plants or animals are called as a habitat.
A process, in which natural habitat is rendered functionally unable to support the plants and animals occupying it, is named as Habitat destruction. In the process of habitat destruction, plants and animals that previously used the place are displaced or destroyed, reducing biodiversity.
The population explosions of earlier and present days have already caused and are still causing serious impacts on the global environment. As for the biological environment, the human population has stressed most biological systems, comprising flora and fauna, as well as biological diversity.
A population is a group of individuals of a particular species occupying a particular area at a specific time.
Interdependence between two species through which individuals of either one or both species benefit is called positive interdependence. The benefits to the individual of any species through this relationship may be continuous or transitory, obligate or facultative. Both partners in this type of relationship may be in close contact; one may be inside some specific area or attached to the surface of the other’s body. Positive interdependence is divided into three major types: mutualism, Commensalism, and proto-cooperation.
A habitat is the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.
Tribal people of Jharkhand worship Karam Tree during their Karma Pooja. During this Pooja twigs of Karam Tree are planted at a sacred place. The Pahans (Purohits) worship these branches.
Conservation of species in their natural habitats- in areas where they occur under normal conditions is called in-situ conservation.
This type of conservation strategy protects the entire area. Such an area is protected and maintained to conserve all the known or unknown species inhabiting it.
In this type of conservation, species are not isolated or provided with health care, food, or mating facilities. Only factors detrimental to species’ existence and development are eliminated in this conservation strategy. Human interference, such as hunting, cutting down trees, collecting firewood, etc., is completely banned in such areas.
