This word is usually applied for the non-human members of the Kingdom Animalia in animal taxonomy. However, the closer relatives of humans like mammals (having mammary glands) have been included in this term. Thus cows, bats, rats etc also are mammals.
Many ferns grow along north or west facing walls every year. Their spores might have been there in crevices during the dry season. Unless there is a supply of water from leaking pipe they complete their life cycle within the rainy season and pack up with the passing rains. They pass away and leave for us a lesson to remain happy and survive in hard conditions.
Cattle dung has been used in India to sweep cutcha houses and to make cakes for burning in kitchens. One of the best uses of dung is for making compost etc. manure. Indians, especially Hindus use cow dung for making compost, dung cakes and for religious purposes.
Mixing of different solid, liquid or gaseous substances and microorganisms into water, so as to alter its natural qualities is called as water pollution. According to the National Water Commission (1973), water gets polluted if it has not been of sufficiently high quality to be suitable for the highest uses people wish to make of it at present or in future.
Ecological Niche Dictionary defines the term Niche as a comfortable or suitable position in the life of a living being or a role taken by a type of organism within its community. In other words, an ecological niche is the role and position a species has in its environment, for example, how it meets its food and shelter needs, survives, and reproduces. A species’ niche includes all of its interactions with its environment’s biotic and abiotic factors.
Proper arrangement of resources and techniques to check losses to crops through different factors is called as Crop Protection Management.
Vast variability exists in the distribution or occurrence of different life forms in different habitats. The variability of life forms in a particular habitat is considered as the biodiversity of that habitat.
In human beings reproduction takes place through the activities of male and female reproductive organs. To understand this, it is essential to study the structure of male and female reproductive systems separately.
The condition produced due to ‘substances put into air by the activity of mankind into concentration sufficient to cause harmful effects to his health, vegetables, property or to interfere with the enjoyment of his property’ is called as air pollution or the atmospheric pollution
The conservation of environment implies the sustainable use as well as management of natural resources including wildlife, water, air, and soils of the earth.
According to their physical make up, there are basically two types of animals- Vertebrates and invertebrates. Invertebrates are those animals that don’t have a vertebral column or backbone. On the other hand, Vertebrates are those animals who have a vertebral column or the back bone.
Modern development has caused a number of environmental problems at local, regional, national and international levels. Global Climate Change, depletion of ozone layer, increasing inequality, reduction in the means of livelihood for poor, scarcity of food, increasing number of disasters, extinction of species, falling underground water table etc. are some of the major environmental problems created by modern unsustainable development. These problems are challenging the existence of human race on this planet.
