Environment and its components like wildlife and Natural Resources constitute the vital life support system for all life on this planet. The protection of these through the cumulative efforts of the world community started across globe due to the persistent efforts of the United Nations through its Environmental Programme (UNEP).
The tragedies in the environment stimulated the world nations the recognition of which first appeared in the shape of the United Nations Conference on Human Environment for the preservation and enhancement of its quality, at Stockholm from June 6 to June 16 in the year 1972. The delegates from 114 nations attended the conference and signed the Stockholm Declaration.
A number of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) or non-governmental agencies have been playing their important roles in spreading Environmental Awareness across the globe and in developing policies for the protection of environment and sustainable development.
Following institutions have shaped the current era of globalization- (a) International Monetary Fund (IMF), (b) World Bank, and (c) World…
On June 26, 1945 fifty-one; nations representing 80% of the world’s population approved and signed a charter for the establishment of a world body of nations – the United Nations Organisation (UNO); at San Francisco.
The liberalization and the Globalization have brought a number of visible and invisible changes in the World Economy. Some of the visible changes are- better communication systems, processed food and soft drinks.
The Environmental Calamities that shook the humanity during fifties and sixties were powerful enough to generate serious and widespread sense of responsibility among world nations towards the global environment. Some of these calamities include : The killer smog in New York and London which claimed 5000 lives in 1952; The mercury poisoning due to the consumption of mercury-contaminated seafood in Japan;
Modern development has caused a number of environmental problems at local, regional, national and international levels. Global Climate Change, depletion of ozone layer, increasing inequality, reduction in the means of livelihood for poor, scarcity of food, increasing number of disasters, extinction of species, falling underground water table etc. are some of the major environmental problems created by modern unsustainable development. These problems are challenging the existence of human race on this planet.
Mixing of different types of substances in soil- which affects its natural qualities, and reduces its fertility- is called as soil pollution. Some environmentalists define soil pollution as – build-up of toxic chemical compounds, salts, pathogens or radioactive materials in soil that can affect plant and animal life adversely, is called as soil pollution.
An area or structure that protects animals from adverse conditions is called an animal shelter. Different kinds of animals need different types of shelters. Different kinds of animals and their shelters are mentioned here.
Kinds of animals and their shelters
Animals can be classified into terrestrial, arboreal, aquatic and amphibians.
Terrestrial Animals
Land animals are called as terrestrial animals. Some of these animals like lion, tiger, bears and bats live in rock caves. Illustration
Snakes live in ground, under rocks and in abandoned ant hills. Some snakes live insid
Conservation of species in their natural habitats- in areas where they occur under normal conditions is called in-situ conservation.
This type of conservation strategy protects the entire area. Such an area is protected and maintained to conserve all the known or unknown species inhabiting it.
In this type of conservation, species are not isolated or provided with health care, food, or mating facilities. Only factors detrimental to species’ existence and development are eliminated in this conservation strategy. Human interference, such as hunting, cutting down trees, collecting firewood, etc., is completely banned in such areas.
