In India, a Hazardous Substances Management Division has been constituted as a nodal point within the Ministry of Environment and Forest. This nodal agency is responsible for Planning, over-seeing and implementing the policies and programmes on management of hazardous substances and Chemical Emergencies.
Land-filling is the process of disposing solid waste in low lands or into trenches through proper sanitary methods. It involves- collection, transport, compaction, etc. processes along with proper management for gas-outlet etc. For land filling, the important thing to be taken into account is the distance of waste collection site to the waste dumping site, because it involves cost of transportation.
The application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, especially in industry, is called as technology.
The gap between the rich and the poor has increased due to population growth. The rich people are exploiting more resources than poor people. Malnutrition is one of the most common effects of these problems. The poorest people in developing countries do not get adequate calories to develop their health properly.
The processes of development through years have spurred on unplanned urbanization, extensive industrialization followed by different types of pollutions, construction of a series of mega dams, and large-scale application of Agro-chemicals. In the process, different parts of the world have started facing ecological crises.
Environment and its components like wildlife and Natural Resources constitute the vital life support system for all life on this planet. The protection of these through the cumulative efforts of the world community started across globe due to the persistent efforts of the United Nations through its Environmental Programme (UNEP).
A number of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) or non-governmental agencies have been playing their important roles in spreading Environmental Awareness across the globe and in developing policies for the protection of environment and sustainable development.
Modern development has caused a number of environmental problems at local, regional, national and international levels. Global Climate Change, depletion of ozone layer, increasing inequality, reduction in the means of livelihood for poor, scarcity of food, increasing number of disasters, extinction of species, falling underground water table etc. are some of the major environmental problems created by modern unsustainable development. These problems are challenging the existence of human race on this planet.
Fossil fuels- coal, petroleum and natural gas, are sources of energy and lots of useful substances. They have been and still they are the back bones of the economic developments and the basis of the modern civilization.
Cattle dung has been used in India to sweep cutcha houses and to make cakes for burning in kitchens. One of the best uses of dung is for making compost etc. manure. Indians, especially Hindus use cow dung for making compost, dung cakes and for religious purposes.
