Ferns belong to Pteridophytes and grow on high altitudes in moist cold places. These don’t need any fertile soil. Since Ranchi or the most part of Jharkhand is located on high land its climate is rather different and somewhat similar to those area of mountains. The author reports here the two fern species that preferably grow in this region that too on old walls.
We have many types of butterflies around us. These are good pollinators of crop plants and grass pollinators. Theecotrends lens has some images of these pollinators
Ecosystems can be categorised into two broad categories: natural and artificial. Natural Ecosystems are those ecosystems that operate by themselves under natural conditions. These ecosystems are further categorized as Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems. Terrestrial ecosystems relate to lands, whereas Aquatic ecosystems relate to fresh or marine water. Freshwater ecosystems may be Lotic or Lentic. Lotic are running water ecosystems like springs, streams or rivers, whereas Lentic Fresh Water Ecosystems may be found in standing waters of lakes, ponds, pools, puddles, ditches, swamps, etc. Marine Ecosystems are found in marine waters of salt lakes, seas, oceans and estuaries. Artificial Ecosystems are man-engineered ecosystems like crop fields, artificial ponds and lakes, aquaria, fish ponds, and abandoned mines reclaimed as lakes or water bodies for recreation.
The attitude which manifests by excellent behaviour of players is called as Fair Play.
The South West Monsoon is ready to go in a delayed manner. It is returning late continuously since last three years.
The resources that provide food to living organisms are called as food resources.
The acid rain affects living and non- living components of environment. In July 1982, Stockholm- the venue of U N –conference on acid rain, suffered heavy acid showers for about a week. In India too, acid rains have been reported since last twenty years in areas where thermal power plants are located and also around Delhi, the capital of India.
The conditions of a habitat remain changing abruptly and periodically. Abrupt changes in environment often do not give time to an organism to get ready and to face the challenges. As such the organism can survive only when it has sufficient abilities to tolerate these changes.
On the local and regional levels, air pollution creates various types of problems against living and non- living environment. In the living environment it causes different types of physical, physiological and mental diseases.
Cattle dung has been used in India to sweep cutcha houses and to make cakes for burning in kitchens. One of the best uses of dung is for making compost etc. manure. Indians, especially Hindus use cow dung for making compost, dung cakes and for religious purposes.
Determining male or female form of living organism through sexual reproduction is called as sex determination. Sex determination on a large scale is of two types- environmental, genetic and chromosome based.
